Astrobiology - Part Two
Now fasten the points on which to build:
a) The Hubble Telescope has photographed in a small region of sky ( about 0003 square degrees) 10000 objects that are most distant galaxies
b) A galaxy, like our host, has about 100 billion stars
c) 20-50% of the stars may have planets
d) 1-2 planets per star may be able to sustain life.
points c) and d) are the most uncertain. To date, 147 known solar systems, including 17 with more planets, a total of 170 extra-solar planets, all within our Galaxy. The recent discovery of these planets, Jupiter-sized, extra-solar systems suggests that there may be places like Earth where life can develop. Life on what needs to be based. Personally I think it may be based only on carbon, since, for the particular position in the list of elements that is the only compound able to create extremely complex. Certainly there is also the silicon (see silicones) but there is no comparison with carbon. The forms of life as we know it has been based on complex molecules containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus, which act in the transmission character (play) and the exchange of external energy (metabolism). So life as we know it is based on the most common elements in our Galaxy (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) and phosphorus, which on the contrary it is very rare in the interstellar gas.
For now, only simple molecules have been detected. Were observed about 130 molecules, which can contain up to 13 atoms. There is formic acid, formaldehyde, methylamine, ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, and methyl formate.
In September 2004, U.S. astronomers have observed, in a cloud of gas near the center of our Galaxy, the presence of a sugar (glicoaldeide) which may be important in building molecules of DNA and RNA.
Last year it was revealed the presence of ethylene glycol in comet Hale-Bopp.
As for the future we expect to improve our understanding and analysis of interplanetary dust from comet Wild 2, the Stardust space probe has just returned to land, and of course the new astronomical instruments such as ALMA, a set of 50 antennas, which is being built on the plateau in Chile to 5000 meters above sea level. Observations at millimeter wavelengths and sub-millimeter in comets may find new molecular species that will give us information on the origin of comets themselves. This will allow us to identify, not Only new extra-solar planets, but also to reveal the atmosphere. One thing seems certain, for once, the Vatican will put askew.
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